Brianne
07-02-04, 08:26 PM
This is a short article I found on the history of ADD. I thought it was intresting so I am sharing it. Does anyone know where I might find more about the history of ADD? I have spent most my time looking up things that have to do with now that I have done little reaserch on how it came about to begin with and want to learn more.
ADD/ADHD refers to a syndrome involving symptoms such as impulsivity, motor overactivity, and attentional impairments. Throughout the years, a number of terms have been used to label this syndrome. In 1902 children who demonstrated many of the symptoms that are today part of attention deficit disorder would be described as children with "morbid defects in moral control" (Epstein, Shaywitz, Woolston, 1991, p. 78). Children in the 1920's would have been labeled with "restlessness syndrome" (Barkley, 1995). In the 1940's, children exhibiting this form of behavior were diagnosed with "brain injured syndrome" because children with brain injuries from disease or trauma behaved in much the same way. Any child displaying these behaviors regardless of evidence of brain injury were diagnosed as having brain injury syndrome (Barkley, 1995).
In the 1950's and 60's failure to demonstrate "true brain damage" led to a new diagnosis referred to as "minimal brain damage" and "minimal brain dysfunction" (MBD) (Cantwell & Baker, 1991, p. 88). These approaches suggested the behavioral symptoms were caused by a form of brain damage or central nervous system dysfunction (Cantwell & Baker, 1991).
Later approaches focused on behavioral descriptions. Motor overactivity was the primary symptom. Terms such as hyperactivity and hyperkinesis were used to describe these behaviors. In 1980 the disorder was characterized by a deficit in attention and concentration abilities. The DSM-III, the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic criteria, named the term attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) (Epstein et al. 1991). In 1987 the DSM-III-R added confusion to the disorder by focusing on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and classifying attention disorder without hyperactivity as Undifferentiated Attention Deficit Disorder (U-ADD) (Cantwell & Baker, 1991).
The DSM-IV clarifies the distinction between ADD with and without hyperactivity. The current revision recognizes ADD without hyperactivity as a "distinct entity" which results in problems for those children affected by it (Epstein, et al., 1991, p. 79). These criteria recognize three subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined types.
Also does anyone disagree with anything said in this article? I was thinking I might understand somethings even better than I already do if I knew more about ADD's past than I have read bits of in some books.
ADD/ADHD refers to a syndrome involving symptoms such as impulsivity, motor overactivity, and attentional impairments. Throughout the years, a number of terms have been used to label this syndrome. In 1902 children who demonstrated many of the symptoms that are today part of attention deficit disorder would be described as children with "morbid defects in moral control" (Epstein, Shaywitz, Woolston, 1991, p. 78). Children in the 1920's would have been labeled with "restlessness syndrome" (Barkley, 1995). In the 1940's, children exhibiting this form of behavior were diagnosed with "brain injured syndrome" because children with brain injuries from disease or trauma behaved in much the same way. Any child displaying these behaviors regardless of evidence of brain injury were diagnosed as having brain injury syndrome (Barkley, 1995).
In the 1950's and 60's failure to demonstrate "true brain damage" led to a new diagnosis referred to as "minimal brain damage" and "minimal brain dysfunction" (MBD) (Cantwell & Baker, 1991, p. 88). These approaches suggested the behavioral symptoms were caused by a form of brain damage or central nervous system dysfunction (Cantwell & Baker, 1991).
Later approaches focused on behavioral descriptions. Motor overactivity was the primary symptom. Terms such as hyperactivity and hyperkinesis were used to describe these behaviors. In 1980 the disorder was characterized by a deficit in attention and concentration abilities. The DSM-III, the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic criteria, named the term attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) (Epstein et al. 1991). In 1987 the DSM-III-R added confusion to the disorder by focusing on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and classifying attention disorder without hyperactivity as Undifferentiated Attention Deficit Disorder (U-ADD) (Cantwell & Baker, 1991).
The DSM-IV clarifies the distinction between ADD with and without hyperactivity. The current revision recognizes ADD without hyperactivity as a "distinct entity" which results in problems for those children affected by it (Epstein, et al., 1991, p. 79). These criteria recognize three subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined types.
Also does anyone disagree with anything said in this article? I was thinking I might understand somethings even better than I already do if I knew more about ADD's past than I have read bits of in some books.